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Networks:
Network graphs: matrices associated with graphs; incidence, fundamental
cut set and fundamental circuit matrices. Solution methods: nodal and
mesh analysis. Network theorems: superposition, Thevenin and Norton's,
Maximum Power Transfer, Wye-Delta Transformation. Steady state
sinusoidal analysis using phasors. Fourier series. Linear constant
coefficient differential and difference equations; time domain analysis
of simple RLC circuits. Laplace and Z transforms: frequency domain
analysis of RLC circuits. Convolution. 2-port network parameters:
driving point and
transfer functions. State equations for networks.
Analog Circuits: Characteristics and equivalent circuits
(large-and small-signal) of diodes, BJTs, JFETs and MOSFETs. Simple
diode circuits: clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias
stability of transistor and FET amplifiers. Amplifiers: single-and
multi-stage, differential, operational, feedback and power. Analysis of
amplifiers; frequency response of amplifiers. Simple op-amp circuits.
Filters. Sinusoidal oscillators; criterion for oscillation;
single-transistor and op-amp configurations.
Function generators and wave-shaping circuits. Power supplies.
Digital Circuits: Boolean algebra; minimization of Boolean
functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS).
Combinational circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters,
multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops,
counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators.
Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and
DACs. Semiconductor memories. Microprocessor (8085): architecture,
programming, memory and I/O interfacing.
Control Systems: Basic control system components; block
diagrammatic description, reduction of block diagrams. Properties of
systems: linearity, time-invariance, stability, causality. Open loop and
closed loop (feedback) systems. Special properties of linear
time-invariant (LTI) systems-transfer function, impulse response, poles,
zeros, their significance, and stability analysis of these systems.
Signal flow graphs and their use in determining transfer functions of
systems; transient and steady state analysis of LTI system and frequency
response. Tools and techniques for LTI Control System Analysis: Root,
loci, Routh-Hurwitz criterion, Bode and Nyquist plots; Control system
compensators: elements of lead and lag compensation, elements of
Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control. State variable
representation and solution of state equation for LTI systems.
Communication Systems: Fourier analysis of signals - amplitude,
phase and power spectrum, auto-correlation and cross-correlation and
their Fourier transforms. Signal transmission through linear
time-invariant (LTI) systems, impulse response and frequency response,
group delay and phase delay. Analog modulation systems - amplitude and
angle modulation and demodulation systems, spectral analysis of these
operations, superheterodyne receivers, elements of hardware realizations
of analog communication systems. Basic sampling theorems. Pulse code
modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta
modulation (DM). Digital modulation schemes: amplitude, phase and
frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Multiplexing - time
division and frequency division. Additive Gaussian noise;
characterization using correlation, probability density function (PDF),
power spectral density (PSD). Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations
for amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) for low
noise conditions.
Electromagnetics: Elements of vector calculus: gradient,
divergence and curl; Gauss' and Stokes' theorems, Maxwell's equations:
differential and integral forms. Wave equation. Poynting vector. Plane
waves: propagation through various media; reflection and refraction;
phase and group velocity; Skin depth. Transmission lines: Characteristic
impedance; impedance
transformation; Smith chart; Impedance matching; Pulse excitation.
Waveguides: Modes in rectangular waveguides; boundary conditions;
cut-off frequencies; dispersion relations. Antennas: Dipole antennas;
antenna arrays; radiation pattern; reciprocity theorem; antenna gain. |
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