Measurement Science and Transducers: Static and dynamic characteristics of instruments. Errors and uncertainty analysis, calibration. Transducers: elastic, resistive, inductive, capacitive, thermoelectric, piezoelectric, photoelectric, electromechanical and electrochemical.

Control Systems and Process Control: Principles of feedback, transfer function, signal flow graphs, stability criteria, Bode plots, Root-loci, Routh and Nyquist criteria. Compensation techniques. State variable formulation and solution. System components, servos, syncros and stepper motors. On-off, cascade, P, PI, PD, PID and feed forward controls. Controller tuning and general frequency response of a control system.

Analog and Digital Electronics: Characteristics of semiconductor devices. Equivalent circuits and frequency response. Operational amplifiers – characteristics and applications. Combinational and sequential logic circuits, shift registers, counters, multiplexers. A/D & D/A converters. 8 bit microprocessors and applications, micro controllers and interfacing technique. Basics of computer organization and architecture.

Signals and Systems, Digital Signal Processing: Ordinary differential equations, Laplace and Z-transforms. Fourier series. Vectors and matrices. Discrete spectrum, power density spectra. I and II order filters, active filters, AM and FM modulators and demodulators. Convolution and correlation, discrete Fourier transforms and its properties. Fast Fourier transforms. Digital filter – IIR, FIR, filters using windows.

Electrical and Electronic Measurements: Measurement of R, L and C bridges and potentiometers. Measurement of voltage, current, power, power factor and energy – instrument transformers – Q meter, waveform analysers – digital voltmeters – phase, time and frequency measurements – oscilloscopes. Noise and interference in instrumentation.

Metrology, Mechanical Measurements and Industrial Instrumentation: Calibration standards, linear and angular measurements, measurement of straightness, flatness and roundness, sinebars and slip gauges, screw threads. Optical methods, measurement of displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, torque, strain, vibration, pressure, flow, temperature, humidity, viscosity, density. Energy storing elements, suspension systems and dampers.

Analytical, Optical and Biomedical Instrumentation: Principles of spectroscopy, UV, visible and IR, mass spectrometry, X-ray methods. Nuclear radiation measurements. Gas, solid state and semi conductor, laser and their characteristics, interferometers, basics of fibre optics. Transducers for biomedical application, cardiovascular systems and measurement. Instrumentation for clinical laboratory.