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Module I
Human Anatomy & physiology: Anatomy & Physiology of major systems of the body. Principle of generation and propagation of Bioelectric potentials. Electrical activity of heart, propagation of action potential through nerves, conduction velocity and latency.EMG, ECG, EEG. Bio potential electrodes - different types of electrodes, polarisable & non polarisable electrodes. Theory of electrode - skin interface. Electrode behaviour & circuit models. Electrodes for stimulation.
Transducers, Leads & Electrodes: Transducers - transducers for biological applications - transduction principles, different types - active and passive transducers, implantable transducers, transducers for pressure, flow, pulse, respiration. Chemical sensors. Measurement of blood pressure and blood flow.
Leads and Electrodes: Types, materials, properties, characteristics. Method of application and selection - Equivalent circuits of leads and electrodes.
Module II
Diagnosis and Therapeutic equipments:
Diagnosis equipments - Electronic BP monitors, pulse monitors, electrocardioscope, spirometer, pulse oxi meter, ECG machine, EEG machine, EMG machine, PH meter.
Therapeutic equipments - Pacemakers, Defibrillator, Heart - lung machine, nerve and muscle stimulators, dialysis machines, Surgical diathermy equipment, Microwave - short wave and ultrasound diathermy equipments, Nebuliser, Inhalator, ventilator.
Electrical Safety - Physiological effects of electricity, Micro & macro shock hazards. Electrical safety codes & standards. Protection of patients, Power distribution and equipment design.
Module III
Computers in medicine - Database management - advantages & disadvantages of DBMS, Desirable features, Biomedical computer applications, computer analysis of ECG, computers in clinical laboratory.
Biomaterials & Biomechanics - different types of biomaterials - metals, polymers, ceramics, glasses, glass ceramics, composites. Reactions to biomaterials - inflamation, wound healing & foreign body response, immunology and compliment system, Biomechanics of orthopedics and rehablitation of musculoskeletal system - material properties, structural mechanics, prostheses and orthotics. Artificial bio-implants - heart valves, kidneys, joints.
Biotelemetry- physiological parameters adaptable to biotelemetry, components of a biotelemetry system, Applications of telemetry in patient care.
Text Books: -
Module I & II : Ref (1) & (2)
Module III : Ref (1), (3) & (4)
References: -
1. Leslie Cromwell, Fred J.Weibell and Erich A.Pferffer. Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
2. R.S.Khandpur. Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation , Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
3. Jacob Kline. Handbook of Biomedical Engineering, Academic Press Inc.
4. B.D.Ratner and Hoffman. An Introduction to Materials in Medicine, Academic Press.
5. John G.Webster. Medical instrumentation - Application and Design, Houghton Mifflin company, Boston.
6. John C.Cobbold. Transducers for Biomedical Measurements, John Wiley & Sons.
Question Paper: -
The question paper will consist of two parts. Part I is to cover the entire syllabus, and carries 40 marks. This will contain 10 compulsory questions of 4 marks each. Part II is to cover 3 modules, and carries 60 marks. There will be 3 questions from each module (10 marks each) out of which 2 are to be answered.
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